中国加拿大研究会第十三届常务理事会第三次会议纪要

（2010年9月5日·北京）

2010年9月5日，中国加拿大研究会第十三届常务理事会在北京召开了第三次全体会议。出席会议的有中国加拿大研究会会长、副会长、常务理事和秘书长16人。经过充分讨论和审议，完成了下列工作：

一．评审出中国加拿大研究会第二届中国加拿大研究优秀学位论文

本次学位论文评审规定的时限是2006年7月1日至2010年6月30日期间获得博士学位或硕士学位的加拿大主题的学位论文。申报截止日期2010年7月10日。共收到申报论文30篇，其中博士学位论文6篇，硕士学位论文24篇，法文撰写的2篇，时限不合的7篇。经过严格的评审和中国加拿大研究会第十三届常务理事会第三次会议终审投票，评选出优秀博士论文2篇， 优秀硕士论文8篇。获奖名单和论文题目如下：

优秀博士论文 ：

1. 董宜坤（北京外国语大学）：《从“中央王国”到“迷失王国”：1970年后加拿大对华政策的延续与变革》（From Middle Kingdom to Lost Kingdom: Continuity and Change In Canada’s Policy Towards China Since 1970）

    2. 袁霞（苏州大学）：《反抗与生存——玛格丽特•阿特伍德作品的主题研究》

（Resistance and Survival——A Thematic Study of Margaret Atwood’s Works）

优秀硕士论文 ：

1．葛音（山东大学）：《论英帝国枢密院司法委员会对加拿大联邦制的影响》  

（The Impact of the Judicial Committee of Privy Council on Canadian Federalism

2．李军胜（四川外语学院）：《孤立主义：加拿大民族冲突的缓和》（Isolationism: Alleviation of Conflicts Among Ethnic Groups in Canada）

3．贺建涛（福建师范大学）：《特鲁多时期加拿大官方发展援助（ODA）研究》（The Research on Canada’s ODA During the Trudeau Years）

4．米开会（武汉大学）：《加拿大外交与苏伊士运河危机》（Canadian Diplomacy And The Suze Crisis）

5．司维（辽宁师范大学）：《加拿大一所中学华人学生的跨文化适应性调查》（Cross-cultural Adaptation: A Survey of Chinese Students in a Senior High School of Canada）

6．王海林（南京师范大学）：《玛格丽特·阿特伍德诗歌主题研究》（The Thematic Study of Margaret Atwood’s Poetry）

7．杨柳（北京外国语大学）：《魁北克女性的平静革命》（Le mouvement des femmes au Québec depuis la Révolution tranquille）

8．张冬梅（南京师范大学）：《<使女的故事>的生态批评解读》(An Ecocritical Approach to The Handmaid’s Tale)

获奖论文作者将由中国加拿大研究会在第十四届年会闭幕式上颁发获奖证书和象征性的奖金，不参加第十四届年会的获奖者由获奖者现在工作单位的加拿大研究中心领导代为领奖。

二、听取北京外国语大学加拿大研究中心主任龚雁关于第十四届年会筹备情况的汇报

常务理事会听取了北京外国语大学加拿大研究中心主任龚雁关于第十四届年会暨国际学术研讨会筹备情况的汇报。第十四届年会暨国际学术研讨会定于2010年10月28－30日在北京召开，由北京外国语大学加拿大研究中心承办。大会主题为“传承与发展：21世纪全球化背景下的加拿大和中国”。截至2010年8月底，已有117人提交了论文，有92人确认参会。在提交的论文中按学科分类，有关加拿大外交政策和中加关系7篇、加拿大经贸政策与中加贸易关系5篇、加拿大环保政策与中加环境保护合作14篇、加拿大民族问题与多元文化主义15篇、加拿大公共政策与社会政策/法律16篇、加拿大教育、艺术、新闻的20篇、加拿大历史3篇、加拿大文学与语言33篇，其他4篇。

本次常务理事会讨论和确定了会议时间、地点、议程、会务费、交通资助、会议论文、文化考察等事项。

1．开会时间：2010年10月28－30日，10月28日（周四）8:00－22:00报到；29日（周五）开幕、主旨发言和分组讨论；30日（周六）分组讨论、优秀论文颁奖仪式、会议闭幕；31日（周日）代表离会，或自费参加文化考察（奥运专线或长城一日游）。

2．会议地点：北京外国语大学。会议住宿：北外宾馆。座落在北京外国语大学校园内，位于西三环北路，附近聚集了各大高校，交通方便，周围景点有颐和园、圆明园等。

3．会务费：600元，除加拿大研究会顾问和主旨发言人外，原则上所有参会代表都要交。研究生和在京不住宿的代表减半为300元。

4．交通资助：对于2008－2009年向中国加拿大研究会提交过中心工作报告的加拿大研究中心，原则上给予交通资助，每个中心资助1人的往返火车硬卧。

5．会议论文：出席会议的人员除中国加拿大研究会顾问外，均需提交论文摘要并尽可能提交完整论文。本届年会不专门出版论文集。北京大学加拿大研究中心从年会论文中挑选优秀论文收入《加拿大研究》出版。

三、讨论了中国加拿大研究会秘书处固定在北京办公的可能性、重新统计中国的

加拿大研究中心等事宜

1．根据加拿大驻华大使馆的建议，会议讨论了学会秘书处今后固定设在北京的可能性，会上因意见尚未完全统一，大家建议待14届年会期间再讨论决定。

2．鉴于国内一些加拿大研究中心已经名存实亡，常务理事会决定，对连续两次未参加研究会年会、连续四年与研究会没有任何联系、连续四年没有开展任何加拿大研究活动的中心给予除去警告，至下一届年会仍无联系者，从中国加拿大研究会的加拿大研究中心名单上除去。

四、听取冯建文会长关于出席亚太地区加拿大研究会（PANCS）2010年年会暨研

究生论坛的汇报，讨论了加强与国际加研会的联系和合作事宜

1．亚太地区加拿大研究会（PANCS）2010年年会暨研究生论坛于2010年6月26日至6月28日在以色列耶路撒冷召开，冯建文会长出席了会议。亚太地区加拿大研究会目前有六个会员单位，分别是澳大利亚－新西兰加拿大研究会、中国加拿大研究会、印度加拿大研究会、以色列加拿大研究会、日本加拿大研究会、韩国加拿大研究会。该会每年在一个会员学会所在国家召开一次年会，同时举办一次亚太地区加拿大研究研究生论坛。该会受国际加拿大研究理事会和加拿大政府的支持与资助，这样地区性加拿大研究合作组织还有欧洲加拿大研究会和拉丁美洲加拿大研究会。

亚太加拿大研究会2011年的年会及研究生论坛将在韩国首尔召开。2012年的年会及研究生论坛将在中国举办，届时和中国加拿大研究会的第15届年会同时召开。

2．常务理事会决定，中国加拿大研究会将继续和国内有影响的专业学术期刊和大众传媒合作，加强在中国宣传加拿大研究。同时，加强与国际加拿大研究会（ICCS）ICCS的合作并多向其供稿，在国内多宣传国际加拿大研究会的项目。

中国加拿大研究会秘书处

                                                  2010-9-8

News on the Third Meeting of the 13th Standing Council of the ACSC held in Beijing

(September 5, 2010; Beijing)

On September 5, 2010, the 13th Standing Council of the ACSC held the third meeting in Beijing. Altogether 16 persons were presented at the meeting, including the President, the vice-presidents of ACSC, members of the Standing Council of the ACSC and Secretary-generals. After a thorough discussion and deliberation, the council accomplished the following tasks:

I. The Council evaluated the 2nd Round of Canadian Studies Award for Excellent Dissertations.

MA and PhD postgraduates who have got their degrees from July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2010 are welcomed to submit their degree papers on Canada to the ACSC.  The deadline for dissertation submission is July 1, 2010. Altogether 30 dissertations were submitted, among which 6 are PhD dissertations, and 24 are M.A.theses. Two are written in French and 7 dissertations do not match the evaluation period. After strict evaluation and a final vote of the 13th Standing Council of the ACSC on the third meeting, 2 excellent PhD dissertations and 8 M.A. theses were selected.

Winners and their dissertation topics are as follows:

Excellent PhD Dissertations:

1. Dong Yikun (Beijing Foreign Studies University): From Middle Kingdom to Lost Kingdom: Continuity and Change In Canada’s Policy Towards China Since 1970

2. Yuan Xia (Suzhou University): Resistance and Survival——A Thematic Study of Margaret Atwood’s Works

Excellent M.A. Theses:

1. Ge Yin (Shandong University): The Impact of the Judicial Committee of Privy Council on Canadian Federalism

2. Li Junsheng (Sichuan International Study University): Isolationism: Alleviation of Conflicts Among Ethnic Groups in Canada

3. He Jiantao (Fujian Normal University): The Research on Canada’s ODA During the Trudeau Years

4. Mi Kaihui (Wuhan University): Canadian Diplomacy And The Suze Crisis

5. Si Wei (Liaoning Normal University): Cross-cultural Adaptation: A Survey of Chinese Students in a Senior High School of Canada

6. Wang Hailin (Nanjing Normal University): The Thematic Study of Margaret Atwood’s Poetry

7. Yang Liu (Beijing Foreign Studies University): T Le mouvement des femmes au Québec depuis la Révolution tranquille

8. Zhang Dongmei (Nanjing Normal University): An Ecocritical Approach to The Handmaid’s Tale

Winners will be awarded certifications and premiums on the closing ceremony of the 14th Biennial Conference of the ACSC.

II. The Council heard the report of the preparations for the 14th biennial conference of the ACSC presented by Professor Gong Yan, Director of the Canadian Studies Center at Beijing Foreign Studies University.

The 13th Standing Council of the ACSC heard the report of the preparations for the 14th Biennial Conference of the ACSC. The 14th Biennial Conference of the ACSC is to be held from October 28-30, 2010. This conference is organized by Beijing Foreign Study University. The theme of the conference is “Inheritance and Development: Canada and China in the Context of Globalization in the 21st Century”. Till August 2010, 117 scholars have submitted papers, among which 92 scholars confirmed to participate. According to discipline classification, 7 papers are on Canada diplomacy policies and China-Canada relationship; 5 papers are on Canada trade policies and China-Canada trade relationship; 14 papers are about Canada environment protection policies and China-Canada’s cooperation in environment; 15 papers are about Canada nationality problems and multiculturalism; 16 papers are about Canada public policies, social policies or law; 20 papers are about Canada education, art or journalism; 3 papers are about Canada history; 33 papers are about Canada literature and language, and 4 papers belong to other fields.

This meeting discussed and decided the time, place, schedule, registration fee, transportation subsidy, meeting papers, scenery visiting and so on of the 14th Biennial Conference of the ACSC.

1. Meeting time: October 28-30, 2010. October 28 (Thursday): 8:00-22:00, registration; October 29 (Friday): opening ceremony, keynote speeches and panel discussions; October 30 (Saturday): panel discussions, Excellent Dissertation Award and closing ceremony; October 31 (Sunday): self-funded tours to Olympic Park or the Great Wall.

2. Conference place: Beijing Foreign Study University (BFSU). Conference accommodation: Beijing Foreign Study University hotel. This hotel is located on the campus of BFSU, Xisanhuan North Road. There are many universities nearby and transportation is convenient and some famous scenery spots are around, like The Summer Palace, The Winter Palace.

3. Registration fee: 600 Reminbi Yuan. Except consultants of the ACSC and keynote speakers, all participants should pay the registeration fee. Registration fee of graduates and non-accommodators is cut half.

4. Transportation subsidy: The Canadian Studies centers that submitted a center report to the ACSC in 2008 or 2009 will be given transportation subsidy. One scholar from each such center will be subsidized a round-trip train hard sleeper.

5. Conference papers: Except consultants of the ACSC, all participants should submit paper abstracts and complete paper as possible.

III. The Council discussed the possibility of setting a stationary office of the Secretariat of the ACSC in Beijing and recounted Canadian studies centers in China.

       1. According to suggestions from the Canadian Embassy in Beijing, the 13th Standing Council of the ACSC discussed the possibility of setting a stationary office of the Secretariat of the ACSC in Beijing. For lack of complete agreement, it was  suggested that the question be discussed during the 14th Biennial Conference of the ACSC.

2. Regarding some Canadian Studies Centers exist in name only, the 13th Standing Council of the ACSC decided that members from those centers do not participate the ACSC biennial meeting for two continuous times, have none connect with the ACSC for four years or do not carry any activities on Canadian studies, will be given expel warning. If there is still no connect till the next biennial meeting, these centers will be dropped off from the ACSC.

IV. The Council heard President Feng Jianwen’s report on attending the annual Pacific-Asia Network for Canadian Studies(PANCS) and graduate seminar. Members discussed strengthening connection and cooperation with International Council for Canadian Studies (ICCS).

The annual Pacific-Asia Network for Canadian Studies (PANCS) and graduate seminar was held from June 26 to June 28, 2010 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Isreal. Professor Feng Jianwen, President of the ACSC, attended the meeting. The PANCS now hosts 6 member associations, including the Association for Canadian Studies in Australia and New Zealand, the Association for Canadian Studies in China, the Association for Canadian Studies in India, the Association for Canadian Studies in Israel, Association for Canadian Studies in Japan, and the Association for Canadian Studies in South Korea. The PANCS holds its annual meeting each year in one of the member countries, together with a graduate seminar, supported by the ICCS and the Canadian Government. The same other two networks are the European Network for Canadian Studies and the Latin American Network for Canadian Studies.

 The PANCS 2011 meeting and graduate seminar will be held in Seoul, South Korea. The PANCS 2012 meeting and graduate seminar will be held in China by the ACSC, together with the ACSC’s 15th Biennial Conference.

2. The 13th Standing Council of the ACSC wis to continue cooperation with influential academic journals and mass media in China, strengthening introducing Canada studies in China. Meanwhile, the ACSC will reinforce cooperation with the ICCS, contribute articles to the ICCS, and introduce more programs of theICCS.

(Reported by the Secretariat of the ACSC)

徐婷博士参加亚太研究会2010年研究生论坛

上海外国语大学加拿大研究中心、国际关系专业博士徐婷于2010年6月26日至7月1日在耶路撒冷希伯来大学参加了“亚太加拿大研究会——研究生论坛”，并宣读了题为《加拿大气候政策——从国内与国际互动的角度分析》的论文。亚太加拿大研究会是亚太地区加拿大研究的年度盛会，研究生论坛是年度会议的重要组成部分，每年和亚太加拿大研究会的各位成员学会会长工作会议同时举行，汇集了亚太地区加拿大各议题研究的青年学者。徐婷博士提交的论文得到了各位专家的一致好评，中国加拿大研究会会长冯建文教授等专家学者对论文的进一步修改提出了宝贵的意见。上海外国语大学加研中心自成立以来一直致力于促进加拿大研究的发展，并为中心研究人员及研究生提供了广泛的国际学术交流机会。

-----上海外国语大学加研中心供稿

Dr. Xu Ting Attended the PANCS Graduate Seminar

From June 26 to July 1, 2010, Ting Xu， Ph.D from the Canadian Studies Center at Shanghai International Studies University, attended the Pacific-Asia Network of Canadian Studies(PANCS) Annual Conference Graduate Student Seminar at Hebrew University of Jerusalem and presented a paper titled “Canadian Climate Policy – From The Perspective of Domestic and International Interaction”. The PANCS Annual Conference is a great annual gathering of scholars in Canadian studies from Pacific-Asian district, held together with its annual meeting of the member association presidents. Graduate Student Seminar is part of the annual conference, which gathers young scholars from this region focusing on differenct issues in Canadian Studies. The paper submitted by Ting Xu is well received by participants. The comments from Profesor Feng Jianwen, President of the Association for Canadian Studies in China(ACSC) and other experts are great helpful to its further revision. The Canadian Studies Center at Shanghai International Studies University has long been devoted to enhancing the Canadian research since its establishment and provides various opportunities international communication for researchers and graduate students with the great help from the ACSC.

------Reported by Canadian Studies Center, Shanghai International Studies University

天籁之音共和鸣天籁之音共和鸣

——王克明教授讲座论加拿大声乐作品

2010年5月14日上午，南京财经大学外国语学院院长、中国加拿大研究会秘书长王克明教授为南京财经大学的加拿大研究学者和外国学科的研究生作了一场别开生面的学术报告——加拿大声乐作品研究，王教授为之起了一个富有诗意的题目——天籁之音共和鸣。

讲座从北美土著音乐讲起，涉及历史、音乐、文学、语言学诸多学科。仅音乐就涉及乐理、作曲、器乐、演唱、演奏、民歌、音乐史等诸多方面。结合加拿大的历史发展，对加拿大英、法两种官方语言和少数族裔语言考察了不同语言的加拿大歌曲，还从比较研究的角度与英美和中国声乐作品进行了对比。涉及知识极广，既有历史背景的纵深考察，也有音乐专业知识的宣讲，生动风趣，是学术与艺术结合的典范。

王教授作为翻译理论的研究专家，又专门考究了加拿大声乐作品在外国的译介与流传情况，这是我国首次在这方面的学术性探索，受到了中加学界的关注和赞赏，加拿大政府也对王教授的这一探索专门立项资助。

王教授也是著名的业余男高音歌唱家，2008年在中国加拿大研究会第13届年会期间举办的加拿大文化周上演唱加拿大名曲《清晨雨》，受到参会的中外嘉宾和广大师生的热烈欢迎。此次讲座上王教授再展歌喉，演唱了加拿大声乐代表性作品的部分乐章。王教授还为大家播放了部分加拿大歌曲的录音，这些录音资料都是王教授历经艰辛搜寻到的稀有声乐资料，极其珍贵，不少已是绝唱之作，具有极高的收藏与研究价值。

译林出版社主任事业部主任袁春艳博士专程出席了讲座，讲座由南京财经大学加拿大研究中心主任、中国加拿大研究会会长冯建文教授主持。

该讲座时南京财经大学2010年加拿大研究系列讲座之一，受到加拿大政府和学校的大力支持和经费资助。

（南京财经大学加拿大研究中心报道）

Resonance in Sound of Nature

Lecture on the Canadian Vocal Music Works

By Professor Wang Keming

 On the morning of May 14, 2010, Professor Wang Keming, Dean of School of Foreign Languages of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics (NUFE) and Secretary General of the Association for Canadian Studies in China (the ACSC)，delivered an academic speech on Canadian vocal music works, under a poetic title of “Resonance in Sound of Nature”, for scholars from the Canadian Studies Centre at NUFE and students from School of Foreign Languages.

 The lecture began with North American indigenous music, involving history, music, literature, linguistics and many other subjects. Only as far as music is concerned, it covered music theory, composition, instrumental music, singing, playing, folk songs, music history and some other aspects. Combining with the historical development of Canada, Professor Wang explored the two Canadian official languages, English and French, and ethnic minority languages and ,andCanada songs in different languages. Professor Wang also compared British, American and Chinese vocal music from the perspective of comparative studies, involving a wide range of knowledge. It is a model of perfect combination of academic and art, including not only a deep investigation of historical background, but also a profound knowledge of music major. It was full of vividness and humour.

As an expert on translation theory, Professor Wang also investigated the introduction, translation, and spreading of Canadian vocal music works in foreign countries. It was the first academic exploration in this aspect. It has won a great attention and appreciation of the Chinese and Canadian academic circles and the Canadian government, who provided funding for this program.

 Professor Wang, also a renowned amateur tenor, had sung “In the Early Morning Rain”, one of the best known Canadian songs, on the Canada Week during the ACSC’s 13th Biennial Conference held at NUFE in 2008. It had was warmly welcomed by the domestic and foreign guests and teachers and students participating in the conference. This time, Professor Wang sang it again, together with some parts of other famous Canadian songs.. Professor Wang also played the audio of some representative vocal works, and the recorded materials are rare vocal materials which  were collected after Professor Wang’s hard searches. It is highly valued and some of them may be ranked as poetic masterpieces with high values of collection and research.

Dr. Yuan Chunyan, Director of the Planning Department of Yilin Publishing House, made a special trip to attend the lecture. The lecture was chaired by Professor Feng Jianwen , President of the ACSC and Director of the Canadian Studies Center at NUFE.

The lecture is one of the lecture series on Canadian Studies at Nanjing University of Finance and Economics in 2010. All the lectures have got financial support from the Canadian Government and Nanjing University of Finance and Economics.

(Reported by The Canadian Studies Centre at Nanjing University of Finance and Economics)

加拿大华裔/华文文学国际学术研讨会

通知

时间： 2010年7月23-25日

地点：加拿大多伦多约克大学

约克大学、加拿大中国笔会及暨南大学等将于2010年7月23-25日在约克大学共同举办加拿大华裔/华文文学国际学术研讨会。研讨会旨在交流海内外加拿大华裔/华文文学研究成果，描述多年来这一研究领域的状态，向中国以及其他国家和地区的读者、作者和研究者介绍加拿大的华裔/华文作家和作品，推动加拿大华裔/华文文学研究的深入发展。研讨会拟邀请中西方离散文艺理论研究者二名做主题发言，其他与会者将在专题小组内做专题发言。与会者的发言提案将经过研讨会组委会审阅通过后列入研讨会议程。

主办方诚恳邀请海内外同仁就本次大会主题提交论文提案，探讨相关的加拿大华裔/华文文学议题，请将与会论文中文或英文提案通过电子邮件发至：jiazhongbihui@gmail.com。提案提交截止期：2010年2月10日。

论文主题（可包括但不局限于以下内容）：

ü        加拿大华裔作家、作品专论（包括华裔作家的中/英文作品）

ü        华人文化与身份认同、族裔互涉关系

ü        全球化、记忆与历史反思

ü        女性身体与华人性别政治

ü        加拿大华文文学的文献梳理及其意义的阐释

ü        加拿大华裔/华文文学与中国大陆、台湾、香港及澳门文学以及其他国家和地区华裔/华文文学的联系与比较

ü        加拿大华裔作家的自传与小说

论文提案提交要求

所有论文提案必须提供下列信息

1. 论文题目及摘要（字数不超过500）

2. 提案提交人相关信息（姓名、单位、联系方式等）

3. 注明发言使用的语言（中文或英文）

会议日程安排（草案）

2010年7月23日上午：注册报到

2010年7月23日下午（英文）：开幕式，主题演讲，专题小组发言及讨论。（此活动对约克大学及安大略省其他大学的师生开放，故英文为工作语言）

2010年7月24日上午（中文）：主题演讲，专题小组发言及讨论。

2010年7月24日下午（中/英文）：专题小组发言及讨论，加拿大华裔作家和与会者座谈；加拿大中国笔会主持新闻发布会，新书发布会。加拿大华裔/华文文学研究论文奖颁奖，闭幕式。

2010年7月25日：参观滑铁卢大学和麦克马斯特大学孔子学院及游览尼亚加拉大瀑布。

2010年7月26-31日：文化考察。

会务费：研究生: 50加元，其他: 100加元；文化考察、旅费及食宿费用敬请自理。

主办方欢迎海内外学者与会，参与讨论。主办方欢迎出版社与会，展示相关领域的书籍和出版物。

主办方将邀请当地旅行社到场，为与会者安排会后的文化考察活动提供方便。

重要启事

研讨会的优秀论文经精选后，拟结集出版。

加拿大中国笔会、龙源期刊网将联合举办《加拿大华裔/华文文学研究论文奖》赛事，研讨会提交的论文均在征文范围内。征文方法详见加拿大中国笔会网站(www.cpscnet.com) 关于《加拿大华裔/华文文学研究论文奖》征文办法的公告。

重要日期

2010年2月10日：论文提案提交截止期

2010年5月31日：论文（全文）上交截止期（研讨会议程及论文奖赛事只包括全文提交的论文）

2010年7月14日：确认能否与会并提供航班信息（建议与会者最迟于2010年7月22日抵达多伦多）

主办者：  约克大学语言、文学、语言学学系

                  加拿大中国笔会

                  暨南大学文学院

加拿大华裔/华文文学国际学术研讨会

2010年7月       加拿大多伦多

参 会 回 执

IN MEMORY OF NORMAN BETHUNE

December 21, 1939

Comrade Norman Bethune,[1] a member of the Communist Party of Canada, was around fifty when he was sent by the Communist Parties of Canada and the United States to China; he made light of travelling thousands of miles to help us in our War of Resistance Against Japan. He arrived in Yan'an in the spring of last year, went to work in the Wutai Mountains, and to our great sorrow died a martyr at his post. What kind of spirit is this that makes a foreigner selflessly adopt the cause of the Chinese people's liberation as his own? It is the spirit of internationalism, the spirit of communism, from which every Chinese Communist must learn. Leninism teaches that the world revolution can only succeed if the proletariat of the capitalist countries supports the struggle for liberation of the colonial and semi-colonial peoples and if the proletariat of the colonies and semi-colonies supports that of the proletariat of the capitalist countries.[2] Comrade Bethune put this Leninist line into practice. We Chinese Communists must also follow this line in our practice. We must unite with the proletariat of all the capitalist countries, with the proletariat of Japan, Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy and all other capitalist countries, for this is the only way to overthrow imperialism, to liberate our nation and people and to liberate the other nations and peoples of the world. This is our internationalism, the internationalism with which we oppose both narrow nationalism and narrow patriotism.

Comrade Bethune's spirit, his utter devotion to others without any thought of self, was shown in his great sense of responsibility in his work and his great warm-heartedness towards all comrades and the people. Every Communist must learn from him. There are not a few people who are irresponsible in their work, preferring the light and shirking the heavy, passing the burdensome tasks on to others and choosing the easy ones for themselves. At every turn they think of themselves before others. When they make some small contribution, they swell with pride and brag about it for fear that others will not know. They feel no warmth towards comrades and the people but are cold, indifferent and apathetic. In truth such people are not Communists, or at least cannot be counted as devoted Communists. No one who returned from the front failed to express admiration for Bethune whenever his name was mentioned, and none remained unmoved by his spirit. In the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei border area, no soldier or civilian was unmoved who had been treated by Dr. Bethune or had seen how he worked. Every Communist must learn this true communist spirit from Comrade Bethune.

Comrade Bethune was a doctor, the art of healing was his profession and he was constantly perfecting his skill, which stood very high in the Eighth Route Army's medical service. His example is an excellent lesson for those people who wish to change their work the moment they see something different and for those who despise technical work as of no consequence or as promising no future.

Comrade Bethune and I met only once. Afterwards he wrote me many letters. But I was busy, and I wrote him only one letter and do not even know if he ever received it. I am deeply grieved over his death. Now we are all commemorating him, which shows how profoundly his spirit inspires everyone. We must all learn the spirit of absolute selflessness from him. With this spirit everyone can be very useful to the people. A man's ability may be great or small, but if he has this spirit, he is already noble-minded and pure, a man of moral integrity and above vulgar interests, a man who is of value to the people.

NOTES

1. The distinguished surgeon Norman Bethune was a member of the Canadian Communist Party. In 1936 when the German and Italian fascist bandits invaded Spain, he went to the front and worked for the anti-fascist Spanish people. In order to help the Chinese people in their War of Resistance Against Japan, he came to China at the head of a medical team and arrived in Yenan in the spring of 1938. Soon after he went to the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei border area. Imbued with ardent internationalism and the great communist spirit, he served the army and the people of the Liberated Areas for nearly two years. He contracted blood poisoning while operating on wounded soldiers and died in Tanghsien, Hopei, on November 12, 1939

2. See J. V. Stalin, "The Foundations of Leninism", Problems of Leninism, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, 1954, pp. 70-79.