中国加拿大研究会会员通讯 The Association for Canadian Studies in China Newsletter =>1. “21世纪加拿大多元文化的未来”座谈会纪要――加拿大政策研究所骆菁博士访问中国社科院民族所（Seminar on Multicultural Canada in the 21st Century：Dr. Jean Kunz from Policy Research Initiative, Canada visited IEA/CASS）。  2007年7月13日，“21世纪加拿大多元文未来”座谈会在中国社会科学院民族所举行。来自加拿大政策研究所（Policy Research Initiative）的骆菁（Jean L. Kunz）博士为与会者作了主题演讲报告。中国社科院民族所副所长黄行教授会见了客人，并简要介绍了民族所的科研情况，表示愿意加强与加拿大政策研究所的学术联系。参加座谈会的有多伦多大学政治学系博士研究生冉明锐（Marie Eve Reny）、蒙特利尔大学硕士研究生安妮·白琳顿（Annie Billington）；北京外国语大学加拿大研究中心主任龚燕教授、董宜坤博士；中国社科院民族所加拿大研究中心张继焦教授、杜发春副教授、张小敏助教授、杨春宇博士；中国社科院研究生院殷鹏、关袆、禹成莹等10余人。座谈会由中国加拿大研究会副秘书长杜发春主持。骆菁博士首先简要介绍了加拿大政策研究所的基本情况，然后结合自己的研究项目，对加拿大多元文化的现状和未来进行了深入、详尽的分析。她说，就理论和目的而言，加拿大在民族文化多样性方面的政策和立法的主要目的是：构建包容的公民身份、减少边缘群体参与社会经济活动的障碍、增强加拿大经济面对全球化的适应能力。然而，理论和现实存在一定差异。尽管加拿大采取了许多保障公平和减少歧视的措施，但调查表明有色民族与非有色民族之间的收入差距明显较大，甚至在加拿大出生（即第二代和第三代移民）的有色人种也能感到歧视和排外。这就意味着，如果排外和不公平问题没有受到重视，相对于欧洲裔来说，多元文化政策对于有色少数民族就实行得不尽人意。多元文化主义可能是二十世纪的梦想，那么它会成为二十一世纪的难题吗？尽管加拿大与其他国家相比有更高的民族文化多样性和移民，但不少选择认为加拿大应该实行同化政策，放弃“马赛克”式的多元文化主义政策。骆菁博士认为，多元文化主义指加拿大人关于平等、宽容和相互尊重的价值观。自1971年以来，多元文化主义政策经历了这样的演进过程：即由最初的颂扬差异，到制度上的迁就融和、再到最近的包容和完全参与四个阶段。（1）20世纪70年代，可称为“民族性的多元文化主义”（Ethnicity Multiculturalism），其焦点是“颂扬差异”，参考点是“文化”，训令是“民族性”，问题来源是“偏见”，解决途径是“文化的敏感性”。（2）80年代，称为“公平性的多元文化主义”（Equity Multiculturalism），焦点在“管理多样性”，参考点是“结构”，训令是“种族关系”，问题来源是“系统歧视”，解决途径是“就业公平”。（3）到了90年代，则被称为“公民性的多元文化主义”（Civic Multiculturalism），其焦点在“建设性的结合”，参考点是“社会构建”，训令是“公民身份”，问题来源是“排外”，解决途径是“包容”。（4）到了二十一世纪，则变为“融和性的多元文化主义”（Integrative Multiculturalism），其焦点在“包容的公民身份”，参考点是“权利和责任业务”，训令是“认同”，问题来源是“全球化和公共安全”，解决途径“尚在探索中”。自2001年美国“9·11”恐怖事件后，安全问题随即成了人们谈论文化多样性和移民问题的重复话题。另外，全球化尤其是信息技术的进步和旅行的容易，大大增加了由于认同和公民身份产生的新问题。骆菁博士提出，根据上述社会和人口发展趋势，针对由移民所产生的民族文化多样性问题，加拿大应该实行何种政策？另外，目前在加拿大，个人和社区已经与全球紧密相连，但其文化、宗教和语言又各不相同，那么，在加拿大这样一个多元社会里，包容性的公民身份又如何能够得以发展呢？这些问题，正是加拿大政府和学术界目前和将来必须回答的问题。座谈会上互动较强，参会学者也提出了不少问题，骆菁博士均做了很好的回应。与会者经过交流和讨论，对加拿大21世纪“融和性的多元文化主义”有了较深入的了解。中加双方学者表示应该就此问题定期举办各种学术交流活动，系统深入地进行研究和探讨。骆菁博士现为加拿大政策研究所的项目主任，她拥有多伦多大学社会学硕士和滑铁卢大学社会学博士学位。加拿大政策研究所设在首都渥太华，是加拿大政府的研究机构，原隶属于枢密院，2006年改组隶属于为加拿大人力资源和社会发展部。加拿大政策研究所曾于2006年12月与中国社科院民族所合作，在北京成功召开了“中加社会和谐与经济发展研讨会”。骆菁博士即是那次研讨会的加方组织者和协调人。目前，她与中国社科院研究人员再度合作，准备在2008年国际人类学民族学世界大会上，组织一个名为：“全球化时代中的文化多样性：对多元文化的比较研究”的专题会议（论坛，分会）。欢迎中国加拿大研究会的同仁参加此会议，感兴趣的学者，请在2007年10月30日前，将论文摘要发送到如下信箱（J.Kunz@prs-srp.gc.ca  dufch@cass.org.cn）。据了解，国际人类学民族学2008年世界大会将于2008年7月15－23日在中国昆明召开，大会主题是：“人类、发展和文化多样性”，规模为5000人来自世界100多个国家和地区，其中加拿大参会学者预计将超过100人。大会网站：www.icaes2008.org.                        （杜发春供稿）On July 13th of 2007, invited by the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IEA/CASS), Dr. Jean Kunz from Policy Research Initiative Canada, had a presentation/roundtable discussion in IEA/CASS, the topic is Multicultural Canada in the 21st Century: Harnessing Opportunities and Managing Pressures. Professor Huang Xing, Vice Director of IEA/CASS welcomed and exchanged views with Dr. Jean Kunz. There are more than 10 attendees joined in this seminar, such as Ms. Marie Eve Reny from University of Toronto, Ms. Annie Billington from University of Montreal, Professor Gong Yan and Ms. Dong Yikun from Beijing Foreign Studies University, Professors Zhang Jijiao, Zhang Xiaomin, Du Fachun etc. from CASS. This seminar organized by Professor Du Fachun. The working language is English. Dr. Jean Kunz lectured that Multiculturalism resonates with Canadian values such as equality, tolerance, and mutual respect. Since its inception in 1971, multiculturalism policy has evolved from that of celebrating differences to institutional accommodation, and more recently to inclusion and full participation. In theory and intent, Canada 's policies and legislation regarding ethno-cultural diversity are tools for building inclusive citizenship, reducing barriers to social and economic participation of marginalized groups, and sharpening Canada 's economic edge in face of globalization. Yet, empirical evidence suggests a gap between theory and reality. In spite of measures to ensure equity and reduce discrimination, research continues to demonstrate the earning gap between visible minorities and those who are not. The perception of discrimination and exclusion persists even among visible minorities born in Canada, that is, the second and third generation Canadians. Such evidence suggests that, if issues of exclusion and inequality are not addressed, multicultural policies may not work as well for racial minorities compared to those of European origin. Additionally, rhetoric regarding the economic benefits of diversity and immigration has yet to be borne out with concrete evidence. While multiculturalism might be a dream of the twentieth century, could it become ‘a twenty-first-century conundrum?' Although support for ethno-cultural diversity and immigration is higher in Canada compared to other countries, many are of the opinion that Canada should abandon the ‘mosaic' approach to multiculturalism for one that encourages assimilation. In a Dominion Institute/CDFAI survey conducted by the Innovative Research Group in 2005, 70% of Canadians indicated that adapting to the Canadian way of life should be the priority for new immigrants. In Dr. Jean Kunz’s finding, multiculturalism policies have evolved since their inception in the early 1970s. In the 1970s, the emphasis was on encouraging individuals to involve themselves in Canadian society by valuing their cultural identities. The 1980s saw a significant shift from celebrating cultures to removing institutional barriers to full social and economic participation by racial minorities. With the passage of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982), the Multiculturalism Act (1988), and the Employment Equity Act (1986), state institutions were obligated to reflect Canada 's multicultural reality in their organizational structure. While equity remains a key aspect of multiculturalism, the focus in the 1990s has moved to fostering shared citizenship. Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, security has become a recurring topic in discussions of cultural diversity and immigration. In addition globalization, particularly advances in information technology and ease of travel, increasingly raises new questions regarding identity and citizenship. How then can Canada move towards the goal of inclusiveness in light of the pressure points identified earlier? Dr. Jean Kunz suggests that we may centers on the following questions: In light of these emerging social and demographic trends, what policies might Canada wish to adopt regarding ethno-cultural diversity resulting from immigration? How can inclusive citizenship be developed in pluralistic societies such as Canada where individuals and communities are globally connected but diverse in culture, religion and language? These questions will be addressed through roundtable consultations in Canada and China, review of research evidence, and analysis of current approaches to cultural diversity among countries similar to Canada.Dr. Jean Lock Kunz is associate director with the Policy Research Initiative (PRI). In her current position, she oversees projects on issues relating to citizenship, immigration and diversity, as well as on China. At PRI, she is also responsible for PRI’s project on poverty and exclusion. Prior to joining the PRI, Jean was Chief, Labour Market Policy at the Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC). She has written extensively on issues relating to immigration, multiculturalism, race relations, labour force participation, youth, and media. Some of her work include Unequal Access: A Canadian Profile on Racial Differences in Education, Employment and Income (Canadian Race Relations Foundation), Immigrant Youth in Canada (Canadian Council on Social Development), and Media and Minorities: Representing Diversity in a Multicultural Canada (Thompson Education Publishing, with Augie Fleras). Prior to joining the Public Service, Jean was senior research and policy associate with the Canadian Council on Social Development, primarily responsible for the creation of its cultural diversity research unit. Jean obtained her Master’s in Sociology at the University of Toronto and a Ph.D from the University of Waterloo.                                                                                                 （written by Du Fachun） =>2. “中加原住民艺术”座谈会――加拿大原住民艺术家桑德拉·拉隆德访问中国社科院民族所（Canadian Aboriginal Artist Sandra Laronde Visited CASS）  加拿大原住民艺术家桑德拉.拉隆德（Sandra Laronde）经加拿大驻华大使馆文化官员Sara Bigatti介绍，于2007年7月17日访问中国社科院民族所。桑德拉·拉隆德此次造访民族所的目的在于更深入地了解中国蒙古族民族文化艺术，为今后中加两国在原住民文化艺术方面的交流和合作做准备。参加此次座谈会的学者有：中国社科院民族所包胜利教授、张继焦教授，中国加拿大研究会副秘书长杜发春副教授；中央民大音乐学院包爱军教授以及四位蒙古族艺术家：舞蹈家敖登格日勒, 长调艺术家阿拉坦其其格，马头琴演奏家张全胜，青年舞蹈家朝克图参加了座谈。中国社科院研究生院硕士研究生殷鹏、关袆担任翻译。蒙古文化研究专家包胜利教授与加拿大原住民艺术家桑德拉女士深入地探讨了蒙古族文化的独特性、如何保护和发展少数民族文化等问题。座谈会由中国社科院民族所助理教授张小敏主持。与       与会学者和艺术家们还围绕加拿大原住民现状，多元文化政策等话题与桑德拉女士进行了交流。桑德拉女士对加拿大的多元文化政策有着自己独特的看法：她认为多元文化在加拿大并不是一个新事物，早在白人进入美洲，原住民给他们提供食物，让他们能够生存下去的这个时候，已经有多元文化了。因此是加拿大的原住民最早开始了多元文化的实践。桑德拉对少数民族文化的生命力也有着坚定的信心。她认为，虽然少数民族文化的土壤不那么肥沃了，但文化的根还存在着，只不过转到地下状态而已。一旦有了合适的条它们还会成长起来。      桑德拉.拉隆德简介：2000年，桑德拉.拉隆德创办了原住民戏剧和舞蹈团 “红色天空”（Red Sky）并担任该团的艺术总监。她带领原住民艺术家以其具有创造性活力的艺术表演赢得了国际社会的瞩目。“红色天空”的原创作品探索出了一条融合世界各国少数民族，原住民多样文化的路子，推动了文化多样性的互动，促进了这些文化与主流文化的健康交流。“红色天空”艺术团擅长演出富有原住民风情的驯鹿之歌、印地安蓝调、祈祷之歌、草地舞等。除了艺术总监、作家和出品人这些身份以外，桑德拉在加拿大还是一个很有影响的社会活动家。2004年，获多伦多市政府原住民事务奖。在她的努力下，多伦多原住民社区的生活质量得到大大改善；担当过国家原住民成就基金会教育培训方面的原住民顾问；1993年，成了加拿大唯一的“原住民妇女艺术组织”推动成千上万个原住民女性走上艺术生涯；桑德拉·拉隆德2006年曾带领她的“红色天空”剧团分别在西南民族大学和北方民族大学（原西北第二民族学院）进行了交流和演出。最近几年，桑德拉女士还担任莱尔森大学（Ryerson University）、多伦多大学和约克大学等校的客座讲师。有关桑德拉和她的红色天空剧团的详情，请访问：www.redskyperformance.com                  （中国社科院民族所加研中心 张小敏供稿）On July 17th of 2007, Ms. Sandra Laronde who is a Canadian aboriginal artist visited the Institute of Anthropology & Ethnology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IEA/CASS). A roundtable discussion on Sino-Canada aboriginal art has been held during this visit. Professors Bao Shengli, Zhang Jijiao, Du Fachun from CASS, Mongolia artists Bao Aijun, Aodenggerile, Alatanqiqige, Zhang Q  iansheng and Chaoketu from the Central University for Nationalities. Artists and scholars exchange views each other on aboriginal art and Culture in both countries, especially centers Mongolia music and art in China. This event was organized by Assistant Professor Zhang Xiaomin from the Canadian Studies Center of IEA/CASS.Ms. Sandra Laronde, is the Founder and Artistic Director of Red Sky. In 2004, Sandra was one of 225 Canadians chosen to participate in the Governor-General's Canadian Leadership program that celebrates promising leaders who are making a significant impact on Canada. In the same year, Sandra was also the recipient of Toronto City Council's 2004 Aboriginal Affairs Award for her contribution towards improving the quality of life for the Aboriginal community of Toronto. She is also listed in the Canada's Who's Who which features notable living Canadians. Sandra hails from the Teme-Augama-Anishnaabe (People of the Deep Water) in Temagami, northern Ontario and resides in Toronto. Sandra has been a leader in creating innovative links with Aboriginal, culturally diverse and mainstream communities. Recently, she was a Guest Lecturer at Ryerson University, the University of Toronto, York University, the University of New Mexico, and the National Theatre School. She was one of 500 artists invited to meet HRH Prince Charles on his latest Royal Visit to Canada. Sandra has been involved in many engagements: she served as a spokesperson for the International Olympic Committee for Toronto's Olympic Bid; contributed to a national consultation with Aboriginal leaders in the area of education and training at the National Aboriginal Achievement Foundation; moderated a panel at the 2002 National Gathering of Aboriginal Artistic Expression for the Department of Canadian Heritage; and was a guest speaker on Perspectives on Innovative Management Practices to the board, officers and staff at the Canada Council for the Arts in 2003. In 1993, Sandra founded Canada's only organization for First Nations, Inuit and Metis women artists, Native Women in the Arts, and has played a significant role in fostering the careers of thousands of Aboriginal women artists. From 1993-2005, she has helped to produce an immense ripple effect of artistic growth, confidence building and proliferation of performing arts, literary arts and publishing, visual arts, and community development projects through Native Women in the Arts. Sandra holds a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from the University of Toronto, and studied Spanish Language and Literature overseas for one year at the University of Granada in Spain.Red Sky has enjoyed a meteoric rise to international attention for its original creations. Founded in 2000 Artistic Director Sandra Laronde, Red Sky is a dynamic company shaping contemporary Aboriginal performance in theatre, dance and music. Red Sky creates and produces original works for adult and family audiences and explores the artistic landscape where world indigenous cultures merge. Red Sky seeks to nourish and strengthen the health, creativity and innovation of First Nations, world indigenous, culturally diverse and mainstream communities.                             (provided by Zhang Xiaomin, CASS)     =>3. 学术讲座：华人新移民在加拿大的就业与创业（Seminar on Settlement, Integration and Entrepreneurship of Chinese Canadians: Research Implications and Synthesis）  2007年7月24日，中国社科院民族所加拿大研究中心邀请莱尔森大学（Ryerson University）国际研究中心主任林小华教授、莱尔森大学工商学院助教授关键博士，作了题为“华人新移民在加拿大的就业与创业”的学术讲座。参加座谈会的有清华大学人文学院博士生导师龙登高教授，中国社会科学院世界华商研究中心主任康荣平教授，《华侨华人历史研究》主编张秀明研究员，国务院侨务办公室政策研究司李爱慧博士，中国华侨华人历史研究所乔印伟博士、程希研究员、黄小坚研究员，北京外国语大学加拿大研究中心主任龚燕教授、张笑一讲师，以及中国社科院民族所加拿大研究中心的周庆生、张继焦、张小敏、殷鹏、杜发春等共17人。      中国社科院民族所科研处处长邸永君教授、民族所加拿大研究中心副主任周庆生教授先后致辞欢迎与会人员。座谈会由中国加拿大研究会副秘书长杜发春主持。林小华和关键夫妇先后介绍了其近几年来他们有关华人移民的三个研究项目。一是加拿大种族关系基金会项目《亚洲移民在北美定居和整合的多重障碍：“911”和非典之后的事件比较研究》（Multi-Barriers for Asian Immigrant Settlement and Integration: A Comparative Event Analysis of Post 9/11 and Post SARS），二是加拿大社会科学与人文研究理事会项目《网络市场化组织中的少数民族企业家：文化动因和结构再造》(Ethnic Entrepreneurship in Network Marketing Organizations: Cultural Dynamics and Structural Reproduction.)，三是加拿大亚太基金会项目《从智囊流失到智囊循环：加中跨国社区从事高科技产业中的华裔离散企业家研究》（From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation – Chinese Diaspora Entrepreneurs in the High Technology Industry: Transnational Community as Innovation Linkage across Canada and China.）。与会学者对于林小华和关键夫妇的华人移民研究项目很感兴趣，并就目前华人新移民在加拿大遇到的困难，以及加拿大的多元文化主义政策等问题进行了较深入的交流。                 本次讲座是社科院民族所加研中心2007年夏天策划组织的“加拿大研究系列学术讲座”之一，先前，该中心邀请了不列颠哥伦比亚大学、里贾那大学、加拿大政策研究所等院校的加拿大学者来访并作了学术交流。                                                                                       (杜发春供稿)   On July 24th of 2007, invited by the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IEA/CASS), Dr. Howard Lin who is the Professor & Director, International Research Institute at Ryerson University Canada, and Dr. Jian Guan who is the Program Evaluation Coordinator of Gateway for International Professionals at Ryerson University, visited IEA/CASS and gave an academic lecture on Settlement, Integration and Entrepreneurship of Chinese Canadians: Research Implications and Synthesis. There were 17 scholars attended this seminar including Tsinghua University, State Office of Oversea Chinese Affairs, Institute of Oversea Chinese History, Beijing Foreign Studies University, and CASS. This event was organized by Professor Du Fachun from CASS.Dr. Howard Lin and Dr. Jian Guan introduced their research projects they have been doing since 2005-2008, involved “Multi-Barriers for Asian Immigrant Settlement and Integration: A Comparative Event Analysis of Post 9/11 and Post SARS.” For Canadian Race Relations Foundation (Jian Guan, Xiaohua Lin, and Raza Nakhaie, 2005-06); “Ethnic Entrepreneurship in Network Marketing Organizations: Cultural Dynamics and Structural Reproduction.”  For Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Xiaohua Lin, Jian Guan, etc. 2005-08) ; “From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation – Chinese Diaspora Entrepreneurs in the High Technology Industry: Transnational Community as Innovation Linkage across Canada and China.” For Asian Pacific Foundation of Canada (Xiaohua Lin, Jian Guan, Mary Jo Nicholson, 2007-08). Scholars from both countries believed that this kind of academic exchange programs on Chinese Immigrants in Canada should been continued and deepened.                                                                                        (written by Du Fachun, CASS) 　=>4.  更正通知（Notice for Correcting）  中国加拿大研究秘书处宣布，海南大学加拿大研究中心主任李渝凤教授代表该中心担任加拿大会的理事。由于信息不畅，我们误写为另外一个教授的名字。谨此向李渝凤教授道歉。The Secretariat of ACSC wishes to announce that Prof. Li Yufeng, director of Canadian Studies Centre at Hainan University is member of Council of ACSC. Being short of detailed information we made a mistake in the member list by putting other professor’s name. We would like to take this opportunity to give Prof. Li Yufeng a sincere apology for our mistake